Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay - 1153 Words

Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Introduction: Multiple personalities is a dissociative condition in which an individual’s personality is apparently split into two or more distinct sub-personalities, each of which may become dominant at different times. People with multiple personality disorder suffer from internal chaos, roller-coaster emotions and terrible memories. They also present confusing confusing and contradictory images to their family and friends. But in spite of all this, MPD is a treatable disorder. In theory, the developmental process behind MPD is a result of resorting to a mental escape from a traumatic situation. This is essentially achieved when neither fleeing nor fighting can be used as a defense option,†¦show more content†¦These other personalities are called â€Å"alters† and may develop permanency, so that the identity of a single child fragments into many children in a single body. These abused children are often warned by their abusers to maintain secrecy. Therefore horrid memories get buried deep into the caves of the unconscious, each alter shielding his or her own traumatic memory. This also allows each alter to become more independent. Multiple personality disorder is very rare and is only found in about one percent of the population. It is also believed that seven percent of the population has experienced at least some sort of dissociative disorder in their life. Certain feelings are common to people with multiple personalities. Most MPD individuals usually suffer from unreasonable fear, and this fear often evolves into terror. They also have large blocks of missing memories. Some symptoms of MPD are depression, anxiety, excessive compulsive behaviour, seizures, epilepsy, blackouts, headaches, and fatigue. Multiple Personalities is not just one disorder, but is made up of many different dissociative disorders. Treatment: There is no real cure for multiple personality disorder, the only treatment is forcing the repression of the alter personalities. The first step in treating this disorder is to find a psychotherapist who is familiar with dissociative disorders and who has taken special training inShow MoreRelatedMultiple Personality Disorder ( Mpd )1498 Words   |  6 Pagesarchives of psychiatry, Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is now known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a very auspicious topic (Dorahy, Brand, Sar, Kruger, Stavropoulos, Martines Middleton, 2014). DID can be defined by a single individual carrying around two or more alternate personalities (that is alters) (Boysen VanBergen, 2013). The criteria for DID is amicable by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)Read MoreMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay example756 Words   |  4 Pages Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), which is now called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), is a Dissociative Disorder. This disorder is when a person has two or more distinct personalities that often control the person’s behavior. This disorder has many controversies because of the fact that it is not scientifically proven. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One personality is usually restrainedRead MoreEssay about Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD):1429 Words   |  6 PagesMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD): Have you ever been sitting day dreaming, or got lost in a book or work? After you finish the book or your work, you come back to earth and remember what occurred while you were day dreaming or lost in that book or work. With a person that has MPD, it is not that easily done with most. Most individuals that have MPD do not remember anything that had occurred within hours or minutes of the event. Some think MPD is a hoax created by movies such as â€Å"Three facesRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesMultiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a mental disease that exists in about one percent of the population. Much research supports the existence of this disease and its origins, causes and effects on the people in who suffer with it. This essay will clearly define Multiple Personality Disorder along with a detailed synopsis of the disease itself. The diagnosis, alter personalities, different treatments and views will indicate the disease is real. The AmericanRead MoreMultiple Personalities Disorder Analysis1037 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Personality Disorders (MPD), or what has been re-classified, Dissociative Idenitfy Disorder (DID), is a deliberating and frightening illness for the DID individual; as well as their friends and family. The meaning of DID (Dissoiative Idenity Disorder) usually means that a person has more than two self-states or identities, which often times appear like entirely different personalities. When one is under the control of one identity, the person usually is unable to remember some of the eventsRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder1415 Words   |  6 Pageswe do still come back to reality. However, some people are diagnosed with a dissociative identity disorder or the popular multiple personality disorder (MPD). This differ from mild dissociation that all of us commonly experience. People who have this live a fairly complicated life. Sadly, people who have this experience traumatic physical, sexual or emotional abuse during their childhood. MPD is a severed form of dissociation from reality in which it reflects a person’s extreme lack of connectivityRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder1423 Words   |  6 Pageswe do still come back to reality. However, some people are diagnosed with a dissociative identity disorder or the popular multiple personality disorder (MPD). This differ from mild dissociation that all of us commonly experience. People who have this live a fairly complicated life. Sadly, people who have this experience traumatic physical, sexual or emotional abuse during their childhood. MPD is a severed form of dissociation from reality in which it reflects a person’s extreme lack of connectivityRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Mpd )921 Words   |  4 PagesWhen most people think of mental disorders, many tend to think of depression, bipolar disorder, or even Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The one thing these three disorders have in common is they all can be associated with a disorder called Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD). A person with MPD â€Å"behaves as if under the control of distinct and separate parts of the personality at different times† (Bull). As research has advanced on the studying of MPD, researchers have deemed the official diagnosticRead MoreThe Theory Of Multiple Personality Disorder1486 Words   |  6 Pageslocation, name, age, or their entire identity (Residential). This could be multiple personality disorder- or MPD for short. Multiple personality disorder was first thought to be nonexistent, or extremely rar e, but now after thousands of diagnoses (Carter), multiple personality seems to be in the in the spotlight of psychological disorders. Though multiple personality disorder only became a legitimate psychiatric disorder in 1980, there had been cases reported before then. Various individuals believeRead MoreThe Three Faces Of Eve Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to inform its reader about Multiple Personality Disorder and whether it is fact or fiction. This paper was intended to be contrived after watching the film â€Å"The Three Faces of Eve†, directed by Nunnally Johnson in 1957. The star of the film, Joanne Woodard, portrays the title character Eve White, who acts through the separate personalities of Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane. Despite the doctors in the film being able to explain Multiple Personality Disorder, the question still arises today as

Stricter Strict Regulations For Tobacco Control Essay

The need to enforce stricter regulations for tobacco control by local communities and individual states is the health policy issue being analyzed. According to The Healthy People (2010) tobacco use and the availability of its products are harmful to our population in various ways, ranked as one of the top ten leading indicators for health concern. The addictive nature of tobacco has created a high demand for their products, boosting the tobacco industry s profits tremendously, and states gaining revenue from taxation on it has contributed to the issues and reasoning states lack enforcing stricter controls. Regulations have been set in place from the federal government in efforts to control tobacco regulation gaining some control over distribution.The federal government s actions and implementations have affected the tobacco control authority of state and local governments. The need for additional stricter regulations and laws by individual states are needed to reduce the tobacco co nsumption for their targeted populations. The tobacco industry has been working to influence the personal behavior of individuals as well as in national structures which extend across disparate government sectors to use tobacco products despite the known risks. Since interaction is prohibited between the federal government and the tobacco industry by the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and the Civil Service Commission – Department of Health JointShow MoreRelatedThe Main Influence Of Government And The Idea Of Democracy1530 Words   |  7 PagesDebate starts with the Founding Fathers pondering about the system of government. The Democratic Debate is the clash of ideas between elite democracy: a group of elites running the a small government versus popular democracy: big government control in the society. Our Founding Fathers, however, were divided in creating the government; therefore many issues today have occurred that weren’t relevant in the past. In this essay, the three main topics that will be addressed are laws to improveRead MoreFirearms Have A Positive Effect On The Past And Society Today1690 Words   |  7 Pageseffect on both the past and in society today. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (The Constitution of the United States) Having strict regulations might protect our society, or it could make it more dangerous. There are those that will not give up their right to own and bare arms because they think that it could give a murderer a bigger target and multiple targets. There are also thoseRead MoreGlobal Tobacco Control, An Analysis1502 Words   |  6 Pageslargest tobacco market, Indonesia has become a well-known smoking nation, where approximately 67% of the male population, aged 15 and over, consume an average of 10 cigarettes a day (Nicter et al., 2010). Meanwhile, secondhand smoking becomes a prevalent issue as the Indonesian government fails to enforce strong anti-smoking legislation and educational movements. Indonesia is the one of the few countries who has not signed the World Health Organization’s (2011) Framework Convention on Tobacco ControlRead MoreGun Control And Gun Violence1054 Words   |  5 PagesGun control generally refers to policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, trans fer, possession, modification, or use of firearms (Wikipedia). This is an important definition for citizens, lawmakers, and gun lobbyists to follow over the debate on gun control. As well as the Second Amendment in the constitution which states, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed†. There has been a debate on whether that specifies within the home or outside of the home. For more thanRead MoreGun Control And The United States Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pages Gun Control in the United States The topic of gun control in the United states is a very controversial and debatable one. Some individuals are for the use of guns and protect the Second Amendment (the right to keep and bear arms), while others are completely against anything having to do with guns. 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He gave a speech at the beginning of the year requesting numerous changes to how guns are handled, the biggest being background checks. The new executive order states â€Å"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is making clear that it doesn’t matter where you conduct your business—from a store, at gun shows, or

Summary Free Essays

She compares guns to cars saying that we have high her standards when it comes to licensing people to drive than we have for people to own a gun, the cough a car can be considered a lethal weapon. Throwing the quote â€Å"guns don’t kill people† out t he window, she makes the argument that many less family feuds would lead to death if only t here hadn’t been a gun in the house. She says that the people who study martial arts, who can lit really kill with bare ands, have been through years of training and discipline but that anyone ca n pick up a gun and kill with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now She believes that at the very least people who have guns should be trained, disciplined and have the same restrictions as those in England because, in her view, having a gun is literally the power to kill. She insists that â€Å"gun nuts† have a power hang up a ND that no sane society would allow the use of guns to continue. In her very last, amusing word ads she insists that we ban all guns and get dogs for protection. How to cite Summary, Papers

Annie Dillards Pilgrim at Tinker Creek Essay Example For Students

Annie Dillards Pilgrim at Tinker Creek Essay Annie Dillard opens Pilgrim at Tinker Creek mysteriously, hinting at an unnamed presence. She toys with the longstanding epic images of battlefields and oracles, injecting an air of holiness and awe into the otherwise ordinary. In language more poetic than prosaic, she sings the beautiful into the mundane. She deifies common and trivial findings. She extracts the most high language from all the possible permutations of words to elevate and exalt the normal. Under her pen, her literary devices and her metaphors, a backyard stream becomes a shrine. Writing a prayer, Dillard becomes an instrument through which a ubiquitous spirit reveals itself. Yet in other cases, she latches on to an image of holiness and makes it ugly, horrifying, disturbing, as if to suggest that the manifestation of all that is holy need not always be pretty, that the gorgeous and the gruesome together comprise all that is holy, and without one the other would be meaningless. The written words are a spiritual pilgr image to the holy shrine where language tinkers with itself, makes a music unto itself, chips and shapes itself into the stuff of Dillards essays. Religious overtones score the text, emerging as references to Islam, Hasidism, and to a lesser extent, Christianity; there are also subtle intimations of mysticism. Dillard plucks the title of the first essay, Heaven and Earth in Jest, from the Quran, quoting Allah directly. Describing the darkness capping the ocean as a swaddling band for the sea (7), a repeated phrase, her diction implies the Christ child. She makes a power evident without ever saying so aloud, explicitly, by naming it. By means of archaic phrasing, she conveys the sense that what she writes carries the weight of authority and the penetration of faith. Noting the irony of our inability to stare directly into the face of our only source of light, our one source for all power (23), Dillard points out in Seeing that we all walk about carefully averting our faces,. . .lest our eyes be blasted forever (23). She alludes here to the monotheistic concept of the taboo gaze, the forbidden direct stare into the face of God. I n the preceding paragraph, she discover the mystery (22) of the clouds. Able to perceive them only in the reflective water below, blind to the originals that cast the duplicates, she wonders if maybe the ark of the covenant was just passing by (22). The trunk in which Moses stored the Ten Commandments also provided the throne of God within the Tabernacle; he presides from atop the ark between two cherubim, in unapproachable light (I Timothy 6:16, Psalm 104:2). As they avoid pronouncing the name of God, believers must also shy away from this brightness. Dillard evokes these mystical taboos to express the irony of human love. Elsewhere she tells the story of a moth consumed by a flame, calling to mind the Sufi symbol for mortal love and the mystical path spiked with danger. The religious symbols also provoke ideas of spirituality that elevate the significance of Dillards worldly visions. The references are vital, because her experiences in nature do not connote spiritual presence as t hey once did. As GaryMcIlroy points out in Pilgrim at Tinker Creek and the Burden of Science, American nature writing used to involve pure wilderness on the frontier, the edge of the known world. But instead of Leo Marxs machine in the garden (71), an industrial interruption of the idyllic, Dillards writing reveals a shift in the Thoreauvian tradition, where a sudden dislocation. . .is more likely to be the unexpected onslaught of the natural world into the civilized one-the monster in the Mason jar (71). At an earlier point in the history of this style of writing, religious presence was an inherent and indisputable element in the natural world. At the time of Dillards writing, however, this aspect is no longer assumed; it must be stated outright, boldly returned to the arena, reintegrated, invited back into a world where roaring motorcycle tread marks stitched the clay (48) have exiled heavenly thoughts. She layers different styles of writing over one another, painting an arresting array of essays. In one phrase in Winter, she begins prosaically, claiming to have seen those faces, when the day is cloudy, and have seen at sunset on a clear day houses, ordinary houses (39). Then, mid-sentence, she waxes rhythmic, poetic, describing those houses whose bricks were coals and windows flame (39). In Fixed, articulating her fascination with bugs, she blurts out that insects . . .gotta do one horrible thing after another (63). Later, she bluntly berates, You aint so handsome yourself (65). But then she juxtaposes the lilting arabesque and grand jetÃÆ'Â © a frantic variation on our one free fall (68). She, like the giant water bug sucks out the victims body (6) in Heaven and Earth in Jest, sucks out the juice of language. She devour prey alive (6), extracts from all the possible permutations of phrasing the most stunning, the most contrastive, the most arresting language in order to catch at the throat, to catch the eye, to flash a mirror in the face of the reader. Dillard reads into her world duality, and reflects these pairs in Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. Much like the interplay between prose and poetry, a visual give and take between detail and immensity floods these essays. Like the lens of a camera, Dillards writing zooms in and out, capturing the minute and the massive, the infinitesimal and the infinite. Sitting by a sycamore down at the creek in The Present, Dillard enumerates the life below the surface of the soil, the world squirming right under palms (94). She details the microscopic population (94), the moles intricate tunnels in networks (95), the mantle of fungus wraps the soil in weft, shooting out blind thread after frail thread of palest dissolved white (96). Then the author lurches back, draws out the frame, focuses on the universe, the galaxy is careening in a slow, muffled widening, the suns surface is now exploding, the meteorites are arcing to earth invisibly all day long (97). She pushes in toward the tiniest imaginable life, toward one wild, distant electron (70), and then pulls out to the grandest, to deep space with its red giants and white dwarfs (70), in an attempt to locate herself within it, to effect a self-consciousness that is neither too cocky nor too meek. She honors both worlds linguistically, admitting that insects make up the bulk of our comrades-at-life, so look to them for a glimmer of companionship (64), and confers life-like attributes to cold inhuman outer space, naming the five mute moons of Uranus (70), finding the rare instance in which one may feel warmth from the moon (71). Seeing by Annie Dillard and Our Perception of the World EssayDillards essays are studded with participles that mysteriously lack agents. The cloud ceiling (43) in Winter depart as if drawn on a leash (43). What master draws this dog? The starlings of Winter fly like a loosened skein (40). They make a sound of beaten air, like a million shook rugs (40). Who unravels the yarn? What housewife beats the air, pounds the rugs? After a vision, a revelation, Dillard finds she had been whole life a bell, and never knew it until at that moment was lifted and struck (34). What generous hand (15) lifts and strikes? Dillard is the call to prayer, and the reader is the worshipper of beauty, of mystery, of poetry. Placing herself as the bell, the instrument, the arrow shaft, carved along length by unexpected lights and gashes from the very sky (12), she waxes self-reflexive, shifting the deity from spirit to author, and the worshipper from author to reader, offering this book the straying tra il of blood (12). She expresses clearly the mystery, the unknown, in an active voice with a necessarily vague agent: Something pummels us, something barely sheathed. . .Were played on like a pipe (13, emphasis mine). The language of the metaphors clearly communicates the dark and dangerous nature of the spiritual. Drawing on the literature that accompanies her solitary days, Dillard relates Arctic stories that horrify, that redeem. She tells of a wolf caught by a knife stuck in the snow and covered in blubber by an Eskimo; the beast sliced his tongue to ribbons, and bled to death (42). She tells the spare, cruel story (41) of a man who fed his family by axing the bodies of frozen gulls off the layer of a lakes ice, leaving the ice. . . studded with paired, red stumps (42). She discusses starlings, a Shakespearean bird, but turns their poetic loveliness awful by dredging up their stink,. . .droppings, and lice (42). By taking hold of the terrible and exposing it to the same language and thought that she wields to the lovely, she rouses the realization that the ugly and the horrible must also be holy. Unlike the fake firewood advertised as The romance without the heartache' (41), Dillards writing stimulates precisely because it does not shy away from the sweat and labor of chopping wood. Her vi sion of the sacred embraces both the sweet and the sickening, the romance and the heartache, and would be otherwise unbalanced. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek itself reflects this balance, in form and in content. McIlroy sees the tension in Dillard as an extension of the same in Thoreau, namely one of science versus theology. He claims that Dillards attraction to science. . .ultimately provides the biggest obstacle to her spiritual pilgrimage, to her transcendental aspirations in the woods (75). As evidence, he cites her excursions into the entomological domain and her disturbing. . .observations of (75), detailing her witness of the giant water bug that drains the small frog. While Dillard certainly delves into the grotesque aspects of the woods by the creek, and illuminates the shadowy dealings among insects, fungi, and teeming bacteria, she does not set these images against the other, more beautiful worlds she finds. It is not a contest between two diametrically opposed camps, where religion must battle with science as McIlroy suggests. Rather, the giant water bug of Heaven and Earth in Jest, the fetid starlings and dismembered gulls of Winter, Shadow Creek, a creepy alter ego of Tinker C reek in The Fixed, all have a place within the authors vision of sanctity. The world Dillard has built out of Tinker Creek is one in which heaven and hell reside simultaneously, not without contradiction and counterforce, but inclusively; the harrowing strides swiftly beside the serene, and Dillard hallows both. John Kinch, also, in a review of Scott Slovics article entitled Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing, says that Slovic finds the essential dialectic in nature writing to be the self confronting the separate realm of nature: by becoming aware of its otherness, the writer implicitly becomes more deeply aware of his or her own dimensions (4) (194). On the contrary, Dillard becomes more aware of her own dimensions in as much as they parallel the other worlds, that of insects, trees, the living creek. She seeks not to contrast but to harmonize her own existence with theirs, linking and stitching them together, finding allies in the dirt. In the prototypical struggle between science and religion, knowing pits itself against faith. Dillard complicates the Biblical concept of knowing, intertwining it with innocence. The Bible fiercely juxtaposes the two, allowing no confusion between them: knowing is the opposite of innocence for Adam, Eve, and the snake. Dillard loops back on one another the two ideas. Like the ringed snake she encounters in Untying the Knot, she turn right-side out (73) the ideas that the Bible segregates. The snake was a loop without beginning or end (73). Like the knotted snakeskin, Dillard aligns knowing with innocence, and hence science with spirituality; both are continuous loops (74). In The Present, she counters the idea of innocence as childlike, asserting that one neednt be, shouldnt be, reduced to a puppy (82). She defines innocence as the spirits unself-conscious state at any moment of pure devotion to any object. It is at once a receptiveness and total concentration (82), combining the lex icon of religion and mystical journey to elucidate how awareness and knowledge can integrate with openness to fulfill the state of innocence. McIlroy understands her pages of scientific and mystical experience in a two-dimensional way, leaving unturned the third dimension where a seeming dichotomy merges and seams together opposites in a contiguous loop designed to illustrate a coherent and encompassing exploration of the outer world of the creek and the inner world of the mind. Works Cited Dillard, Annie. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. New York: Quality Paperback, 1974. McIlroy, Gary. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek and the Burden of Science. American Literature 59 (1987): 71-84.

Evaluation of a Personal C.D. Player Essay Example

Evaluation of a Personal C.D. Player Essay To make this a fair test I have used the same make of batteries and two different sets of batteries and to test the life span of the batteries in the Player I am going to see how long they will last in the Player under two different conditions. These conditions are  1.with the 20 second ESP (electronic shock protection) on  2.With the ESP offResults- Time batteries lasted  ESP on 3hrs 16.37mins  ESP off 5hrs 49.12mins  (These times show are when the batteries went totally dead.). As you can see the results are very clear, when you have the anti-shock on it severely drains the battery life span. Without the ESP on however you get almost twice as much out of the batteries. This is due to the CD player using so much energy and power searching ahead for the music so if the Player does take a knock it uses its memory to keep playing so you dont miss music.  The ESP is not always need and as most people have it on all the time this is terrible and more should be done to try and add to the battery life when the ESP is on.  Test 2:Durability  For this test I have decided to go for a 30minute jog with my CD player with the ESP function on, to see if it was really as good as it said it was. On my run I kept count of how many times the player jumped if it banged against my leg. Surprisingly I found the number to be quite high-  On my 30 minute run my CD player jumped or stopped 17 times. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of a Personal C.D. Player specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of a Personal C.D. Player specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of a Personal C.D. Player specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Which on average is nearly once every 2 minutes, which is very annoying. In summary the ESP function is very good if it would work but unfortunately on this product it doesnt  Test 3:Performance and quality of sound in changing Functions  Function Sound Quality  1.Normal (no functions) excellent  2.ESP excellent- no difference what so ever  3.Bass Boost poor-the bass drowns out everything else  4.Hold on/off also poor-not as loud  The Bass boost I feel is a waste of space. When it is on it drowns out the vocals so all you hear is the heavy bass. I didnt expect it but when I put on the Hold button the loudness decreased quite dramatically which I dont think I suppose to happen, obviously a major design fault. Which should be fixed. Evaluation  After looking over this product for many hours I have discovered many faults with this product that I did not expect to find. For when I set out I had a good idea in my mind what the main problems where and what I wanted to fix but as I used it more and did experiments on it I discovered more.  On the up side it does perfectly the main thing it was made to do and that is t play music and when it does play music the quality is excellent and to the highest standard. It is also built very well and seems to be very solid and not easily breakable.

An Essay On An Economics Article Essays - Azurix, Enron, Free Essays

An Essay On An Economics Article Essays - Azurix, Enron, Free Essays An Essay On An Economics Article There is a major debate brewing in the Florida water districts. The discussion concerns a company called Azurix and their novel offer. Azurix is a spin-off the huge Houston based gas and oil company Enron. The offer: in exchange for financing a portion of the four billion-dollar everglades clean up, Azurix acquires the ability to sell the water that they store as part of the project. This seemingly innocuous plan can have huge affects on Floridas economy. The privatization of the water management in Florida could work in a positive manner and eliminate the projected shortages by creative management, or it can act negatively and make it harder and more expensive to obtain water. There is some precedence for the appearance of private industry in water management. In Tampa Bay, three different water districts have come together to build a large desalination plant to service the entire area. The plant will be built and run by S&W Water LLC, a private company. Although this brand of involvement is not unheard of, the level of involvement that Azurix proposes would give it virtually complete control of the water supply of Florida. This monopoly has some people excited and some people worried. Those who are optimistic about the proposed change, which includes many water district managers, citizens, and local officials, hope for the best possible results. They argue that the private sector can conserve more water, improve service, and decrease water shortages. Advocates advance that farmers are permitted far more water than is necessary for crop maintenance. There for excess water is wasted. However, if agronomists are able to make a profit on conserving water, then the use of this valuable supply is much more efficient. This newborn capability will make agriculture more profitable and provide a boost to one of Floridas largest industries. The optimists also tout improved service. Private industry has more money to put into research and development; hence, the ability to supply clean fresh potable water to the tap can be improved. It is argued that their plan can decrease water shortages by diversifying the way Florida gets its water. Although Florida really does not have a shortage of water, it has water at the wrong time. The majority of Floridas fifty-five inches a year of rain falls during the summer; the time when the population is at its lowest point. The diversification of how water is procured will allow for a more even distribution of this resource. Some areas, such as the St. Johns River Water Management District will tap surface sources, and others will develop aquifer and storage recovery units that store water from the wet times to doll out during the dry times. Clearly, the notion of privatizing water has tremendous potential to help Florida. Not withstanding this optimism surrounding the proposition, it is not be without its detractors. Factions of the proponents claim that privatization is good in some areas of public services, water this group contends can not be private. The water that every one and every thing depends on can not be for sale to the highest bidder. The naysayers contend that when a company like Azurix has a monopoly on water, conservation will not be a priority. Water for sale on the open market with out limits would lead to the loss of this resource. Opponents contend that the sale of Florida water across state borders could be detrimental to the precarious balance that we struggle to maintain today. The lack of conservation could prove to be deadly to the environment. With the downfall of the environment, the tourism industry would fail. This failure would spell disaster for the Florida economy. In conjunction with the lack of conservation of water, the prices will rise. The company that controls the water supply will be able to name its price. This can damage the pool and lawn industries as well as lawn landscaping and nursery businesses in areas dependent on city or treated water. Agriculture, normally the largest employer of unskilled labor, can suffer increased cost, which can result in a loss of jobs and the competitive edge to foreign competition. This can be a significant drain on the economy. Privatizing the water works of Florida

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Film Analysis - Essay Example r who is not convinced of the boy’s guilt and how he combines a mixture of persuasion and indictment to change the 11-1 voting position of the jury against the defendant to a unanimous verdict of not guilty. An uneducated, Puerto Rican adolescent is on trial for murdering his father with a switchblade. The jury of 12 all white, all male, mostly middle class men retire to the chamber for their deliberations. Only one juror has a dissenting vote of not guilty. At first the others are impatient to get it over with, but the lone juror slowly and persistently forces the other members to re-examine the shaky evidence against the defendant and the unreliable eye witness testimony. He also points out that the court appointed attorney had not tried to serve his client’s best interests and had further compromised the defendant’s case. On this basis, heated exchanges and discussions take place between the other members of the jury, revealing deep rooted prejudices and biases. The arguments bounce back and forth, anger and uncomfortable feelings are unleashed in that closed room, but the outcome is that the existence of a reasonable doubt of the accused’s guilt is acknowledged by all the jury members and the boy is exonerated. The pragmatic approach takes into account the paradoxes between the overt, verbal communication and the interpretation by the listener of the language that is used, as a reflection of the true intentions of the speaker which may be different from the actual verbal message being conveyed. This process of meta communication that goes on at a different level from the outward conventional one and therefore can sometimes result in miscommunication. Bateson reframed psychotherapy based on a horizontal approach that examined an individual’s relationships with those around him rather than focusing on Freud’s intensive vertical approach that stressed the process going on within the individual. This horizontal approach was directed towards the study

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different water techniques Essay

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different water techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Essay Example anagement is required along with the implementation of specific techniques for providing fresh water particularly to the arid and semi-arid regions of the world (Kundzewicz & Mata 2007). â€Å"Only 2.5 percent of water on earth is fresh water, the remaining 97.5 percent is brackish or saline water† (Ragheb 2011: 1). The fresh water is present 0.4 percent in lakes and rivers, 30.9 percent as ground water, and 68.7 percent as snow and ice. A major requirement for water is in agriculture and food production, using three-quarters of the fresh water from rivers, lakes and aquifers. Further, water is essential in the production of energy by power plants which use billions of gallons of water per year to produce steam to power its turbines. There are over 21,000 desalination plants across About one-third of the land surface on earth is either arid with less than 250 mm of annual precipitation, or semi-arid with precipitation between 250 mm and 500 mm. The lack of freshwater resources hamper sustainable development in these regions. On the other hand, â€Å"growing population, increasing standard of living, and expanding opportunities exert increasing demands for varyied needs for water† (Singh, Sherif & Al Rashid 2002: ix) for agriculture, industry, waste disposal, power generation, navigation, transportation, recreation and other requirements. As a result of greater oil revenues, unprecedented economic and social transformation have taken place in the countries belonging to the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. On the other hand, these Gulf Cooperative Council countries face major challenges in water resource management. The main reasons include unsustainable use of ground water resources, lack of urban water demand management, institutional and legal constraints, and limited role of private sector. To address these issues, the government has formulated policy recommendations that includes

Using The Internet In Hospitality And Tourism Industry Research Paper

Using The Internet In Hospitality And Tourism Industry - Research Paper Example Present-day travelers are hyper-interactive, who are texting, tweeting, emailing, communicating with friends via Facebook and commenting on their current or previous travels. The advent of social media and mobile Web means that potential guests for the hospitality industry have continuous access to multi-channel interaction and sharing opinions. Thus hotel websites have to be designed in order to handle this hyper-interactive user. Thus hotel websites can no longer be static brochures with stale and boring context. (Max Starkov). The Holiday Inn hotel is a subsidiary of the IHG group of companies. It is a brand which remains consistent towards the board. Guests at the 1874 Holiday Inn hotels around the world know that they will be treated well and have a certain level of expectations regarding the service. In fact, the idea for the Holiday Inn hotels came into the mind of its founder, Kemmons Wilson when he was disappointed with the consistency of roadside motels during a trip to Washington DC. Consistency is a great advantage when it comes to providing services. The art of total quality management lies with the hospitality greats like Marriott, Hilton and of course Holiday Inn but when it comes to social media policies and the ever-changing world of the internet consistency has a huge downside. Consistency is not the only key feature of the Holiday Inn hotels and resorts. Innovation goes side by side with consistency. Holiday Inn hotels were the first ones to introduce the Holidex reservation system giving its competitors a run for the money. Holiday Inn hotels also initiated the idea for indoor pools, termed Holidromes, turning its hotels into resorts.

Shared Memory MIMD Architectures

Shared Memory MIMD Architectures Introduction to MIMD Architectures: Multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream (MIMD) machines have a number of processors that function asynchronously and independently. At any time, different processors may be executing different instructions on different pieces of data. MIMD architectures may be used in a number of application areas such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, simulation, modeling, and as communication switches. MIMD machines can be of either shared memory or distributed memory categories. These classifications are based on how MIMD processors access memory. Shared memory machines may be of the bus-based, extended, or hierarchical type. Distributed memory machines may have hypercube or mesh interconnection schemes. MIMD A type of multiprocessor architecture in which several instruction cycles may be active at any given time, each independently fetching instructions and operands into multiple processing units and operating on them in a concurrent fashion. Acronym for multiple-instruction-stream. Bottom of Form (Multiple Instruction stream Multiple Data stream) A computer that can process two or more independent sets of instructions simultaneously on two or more sets of data. Computers with multiple CPUs or single CPUs with dual cores are examples of MIMD architecture. Hyperthreading also results in a certain degree of MIMD performance as well. Contrast with SIMD. In computing, MIMD (Multiple Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream) is a technique employed to achieve parallelism. Machines using MIMD have a number of processors that function asynchronously and independently. At any time, different processors may be executing different instructions on different pieces of data. MIMD architectures may be used in a number of application areas such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, simulation, modeling, and as communication switches. MIMD machines can be of either shared memory or distributed memory categories. These classifications are based on how MIMD processors access memory. Shared memory machines may be of the bus-based, extended, or hierarchical type. Distributed memory machines may have hypercube or mesh interconnection schemes. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data MIMD architectures have multiple processors that each execute an independent stream (sequence) of machine instructions. The processors execute these instructions by using any accessible data rather than being forced to operate upon a single, shared data stream. Hence, at any given time, an MIMD system can be using as many different instruction streams and data streams as there are processors. Although software processes executing on MIMD architectures can be synchronized by passing data among processors through an interconnection network, or by having processors examine data in a shared memory, the processors autonomous execution makes MIMD architectures asynchronous machines. Shared Memory: Bus-based MIMD machines with shared memory have processors which share a common, central memory. In the simplest form, all processors are attached to a bus which connects them to memory. This setup is called bus-based shared memory. Bus-based machines may have another bus that enables them to communicate directly with one another. This additional bus is used for synchronization among the processors. When using bus-based shared memory MIMD machines, only a small number of processors can be supported. There is contention among the processors for access to shared memory, so these machines are limited for this reason. These machines may be incrementally expanded up to the point where there is too much contention on the bus. Shared Memory: Extended MIMD machines with extended shared memory attempt to avoid or reduce the contention among processors for shared memory by subdividing the memory into a number of independent memory units. These memory units are connected to the processsors by an interconnection network. The memory units are treated as a unified central memory. One type of interconnection network for this type of architecture is a crossbar switching network. In this scheme, N processors are linked to M memory units which requires N times M switches. This is not an economically feasible setup for connecting a large number of processors. Shared Memory: Hierarchical MIMD machines with hierarchical shared memory use a hierarchy of buses to give processors access to each others memory. Processors on different boards may communicate through inter nodal buses. Buses support communication between boards. We use this type of architecture, the machine may support over a thousand processors. In computing, shared memory is memory that may be simultaneously accessed by multiple programs with an intent to provide communication among them or avoid redundant copies. Depending on context, programs may run on a single processor or on multiple separate processors. Using memory for communication inside a single program, for example among its multiple threads, is generally not referred to as shared memory IN HARDWARE In computer hardware, shared memory refers to a (typically) large block of random access memory that can be accessed by several different central processing units (CPUs) in a multiple-processor computer system. A shared memory system is relatively easy to program since all processors share a single view of data and the communication between processors can be as fast as memory accesses to a same location. The issue with shared memory systems is that many CPUs need fast access to memory and will likely cache memory, which has two complications: CPU-to-memory connection becomes a bottleneck. Shared memory computers cannot scale very well. Most of them have ten or fewer processors. Cache coherence: Whenever one cache is updated with information that may be used by other processors, the change needs to be reflected to the other processors, otherwise the different processors will be working with incoherent data (see cache coherence and memory coherence). Such coherence protocols can, when they work well, provide extremely high-performance access to shared information between multiple processors. On the other hand they can sometimes become overloaded and become a bottleneck to performance. The alternatives to shared memory are distributed memory and distributed shared memory, each having a similar set of issues. See also Non-Uniform Memory Access. IN SOFTWARE: In computer software, shared memory is either A method of inter-process communication (IPC), i.e. a way of exchanging data between programs running at the same time. One process will create an area in RAM which other processes can access, or A method of conserving memory space by directing accesses to what would ordinarily be copies of a piece of data to a single instance instead, by using virtual memory mappings or with explicit support of the program in question. This is most often used for shared libraries and for Execute in Place. Shared Memory MIMD Architectures: The distinguishing feature of shared memory systems is that no matter how many memory blocks are used in them and how these memory blocks are connected to the processors and address spaces of these memory blocks are unified into a global address space which is completely visible to all processors of the shared memory system. Issuing a certain memory address by any processor will access the same memory block location. However, according to the physical organization of the logically shared memory, two main types of shared memory system could be distinguished: Physically shared memory systems Virtual (or distributed) shared memory systems In physically shared memory systems all memory blocks can be accessed uniformly by all processors. In distributed shared memory systems the memory blocks are physically distributed among the processors as local memory units. The three main design issues in increasing the scalability of shared memory systems are: Organization of memory Design of interconnection networks Design of cache coherent protocols Cache Coherence: Cache memories are introduced into computers in order to bring data closer to the processor and hence to reduce memory latency. Caches widely accepted and employed in uniprocessor systems. However, in multiprocessor machines where several processors require a copy of the same memory block. The maintenance of consistency among these copies raises the so-called cache coherence problem which has three causes: Sharing of writable data Process migration I/O activity From the point of view of cache coherence, data structures can be divided into three classes: Read-only data structures which never cause any cache coherence problem. They can be replicated and placed in any number of cache memory blocks without any problem. Shared writable data structures are the main source of cache coherence problems. Private writable data structures pose cache coherence problems only in the case of process migration. There are several techniques to maintain cache coherence for the critical case, that is, shared writable data structures. The applied methods can be divided into two classes: hardware-based protocols software-based protocols Software-based schemes usually introduce some restrictions on the cachability of data in order to prevent cache coherence problems. Hardware-based Protocols: Hardware-based protocols provide general solutions to the problems of cache coherence without any restrictions on the cachability of data. The price of this approach is that shared memory systems must be extended with sophisticated hardware mechanisms to support cache coherence. Hardware-based protocols can be classified according to their memory update policy, cache coherence policy, and interconnection scheme. Two types of memory update policy are applied in multiprocessors: write-through and write-back. Cache coherence policy is divided into write-update policy and write-invalidate policy. Hardware-based protocols can be further classified into three basic classes depending on the nature of the interconnection network applied in the shared memory system. If the network efficiently supports broadcasting, the so-called snoopy cache protocol can be advantageously exploited. This scheme is typically used in single bus-based shared memory systems where consistency commands (invalidate or update commands) are broadcast via the bus and each cache snoops on the bus for incoming consistency commands. Large interconnection networks like multistage networks cannot support broadcasting efficiently and therefore a mechanism is needed that can directly forward consistency commands to those caches that contain a copy of the updated data structure. For this purpose a directory must be maintained for each block of the shared memory to administer the actual location of blocks in the possible caches. This approach is called the directory scheme. The third approach tries to avoid the application of the costly directory scheme but still provide high scalability. It proposes multiple-bus networks with the application of hierarchical cache coherence protocols that are generalized or extended versions of the single bus-based snoopy cache protocol. In describing a cache coherence protocol the following definitions must be given: Definition of possible states of blocks in caches, memories and directories. Definition of commands to be performed at various read/write hit/miss actions. Definition of state transitions in caches, memories and directories according to the commands. Definition of transmission routes of commands among processors, caches, memories and directories. Software-based Protocols: Although hardware-based protocols offer the fastest mechanism for maintaining cache consistency, they introduce a significant extra hardware complexity, particularly in scalable multiprocessors. Software-based approaches represent a good and competitive compromise since they require nearly negligible hardware support and they can lead to the same small number of invalidation misses as the hardware-based protocols. All the software-based protocols rely on compiler assistance. The compiler analyses the program and classifies the variables into four classes: Read-only Read-only for any number of processes and read-write for one process Read-write for one process Read-write for any number of processes. Read-only variables can be cached without restrictions. Type 2 variables can be cached only for the processor where the read-write process runs. Since only one process uses type 3 variables it is sufficient to cache them only for that process. Type 4 variables must not be cached in software-based schemes. Variables demonstrate different behavior in different program sections and hence the program is usually divided into sections by the compiler and the variables are categorized independently in each section. More than that, the compiler generates instructions that control the cache or access the cache explicitly based on the classification of variables and code segmentation. Typically, at the end of each program section the caches must be invalidated to ensure that the variables are in a consistent state before starting a new section. shared memory systems can be divided into four main classes: Uniform Memory Access (UMA) Machines: Contemporary uniform memory access machines are small-size single bus multiprocessors. Large UMA machines with hundreds of processors and a switching network were typical in the early design of scalable shared memory systems. Famous representatives of that class of multiprocessors are the Denelcor HEP and the NYU Ultracomputer. They introduced many innovative features in their design, some of which even today represent a significant milestone in parallel computer architectures. However, these early systems do not contain either cache memory or local main memory which turned out to be necessary to achieve high performance in scalable shared memory systems Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Machines: Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) machines were designed to avoid the memory access bottleneck of UMA machines. The logically shared memory is physically distributed among the processing nodes of NUMA machines, leading to distributed shared memory architectures. On one hand these parallel computers became highly scalable, but on the other hand they are very sensitive to data allocation in local memories. Accessing a local memory segment of a node is much faster than accessing a remote memory segment. Not by chance, the structure and design of these machines resemble in many ways that of distributed memory multicomputers. The main difference is in the organization of the address space. In multiprocessors, a global address space is applied that is uniformly visible from each processor; that is, all processors can transparently access all memory locations. In multicomputers, the address space is replicated in the local memories of the processing elements. This difference in the address s pace of the memory is also reflected at the software level: distributed memory multicomputers are programmed on the basis of the message-passing paradigm, while NUMA machines are programmed on the basis of the global address space (shared memory) principle. The problem of cache coherency does not appear in distributed memory multicomputers since the message-passing paradigm explicitly handles different copies of the same data structure in the form of independent messages. In the shard memory paradigm, multiple accesses to the same global data structure are possible and can be accelerated if local copies of the global data structure are maintained in local caches. However, the hardware-supported cache consistency schemes are not introduced into the NUMA machines. These systems can cache read-only code and data, as well as local data, but not shared modifiable data. This is the distinguishing feature between NUMA and CC-NUMA multiprocessors. Accordingly, NUMA machines are closer to multicomputers than to other shared memory multiprocessors, while CC-NUMA machines look like real shared memory systems. In NUMA machines, like in multicomputers, the main design issues are the organization of processor nodes, the interconnection network, and the possible techniques to reduce remote memory accesses. Two examples of NUMA machines are the Hector and the Cray T3D multiprocessor. Sources used www.wikipedia.com http://www.developers.net/tsearch?searchkeys=MIMD+architecture http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~galaghba/mimd.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2685241/Computer-Architecture-Introduction-to-MIMD-architectures

Crime :: essays research papers

Crime in the nineteeth century was rapid though out United States. But because of all of the poverty and sickness in the streets, crime was the only way to survive. Most of the crimes that took place in United States were crimes that involved stealing. Pickpocket gangs and street gamblers were a regular sight when walking down a major United States street. Prostitution was also a big money maker on the streets, done by both girls and boys. But crimes though out the middle class and rich were mostly property crimes and disputes, which made up 90% of all crimes committed by the upper-class. In the United tates today there a two categories which crimes fall under."Indictable" which is the same as our felony crimes that make up all of the major crimes. These crimes consist of: Murder, armed robbery, burglary, larceny, rape, and assaults on the police. The next called category is called " Summery " crimes which is equal to our misdemeanor crimes. Summery crimes were all minor crimes such as: Property crimes, Vagrancy, Drunkenness, Prostitution, Minor Larceny , and all other minor offenses. Probably the most famous criminal in the Victorian period was " Jack the Ripper ". Jack the Ripper was " the first modern sexual serial killer." Jack's trademark was the killing of female prostitutes. But not only did he kill them, he would surgically remove organs and intrails and place them near the dead body. "Jack the Ripper" wasn't his only nickname, he was also called "the Whitechaple murder " because the body's were found near the Whitechapel Road, and " The Leather Apron" because of a man that would come by and beat up the prostitutes for no reason. Jack the Ripper is credited for 9 killings, but police think that he might be responsible for more. All of the killing accrued with in one square mile. Jack is described as carrying a long knife in which he would cut open his victims, and a black Gladstone bag, the contents of which is unknown. Jack the Ripper's identity is unknown which is probably why this case is so famous. It is rumored that Jack the Ripper was a member of the royal family, and that people knew of his identity but wanted to keep it a secret. The London Metropolitan Police system was created in 1829, after the public need for security has been told to the government.

Have the Aspirations of the Un’s Founders as Laid Out

The United Nations was established at the San Francisco Conference on October 24 1945. The world had just witnessed the failure of the League of Nations to fulfill its purpose, the prevention of a Second World War. Consequently the countries that had opposed Germany and Japan looked to succeed where they had previously failed in promoting a â€Å"just and peaceful global community† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 314). The objectives, principles and structure of the organization they hoped would achieve this were recorded in the United Nations Charter. Upon entering the UN, members were required to consent to the set of conditions laid out in this treaty. At the outset there were 51 members. By 2006 this number had grown to include 192 member states, almost encompassing the entire world. Yet whilst the organization has grown in size, the question remains as to whether those aspirations originally laid out in the Charter have actually been met. I will argue that the United Nations has had some success in its capacity as a humanitarian organization, as well as being a useful tool helping to solve international economic, social and cultural problems. However I believe that the UN remains somewhat impotent with regards to issues of international peace and security. The UN Charter is composed of a preamble, followed by numerous articles grouped by topic into a total of 19 chapters. The preamble offers an overview of the hopeful aspirations upon which the UN was founded. The vision that is described consists of four crucial goals. These are then reiterated in the first chapter in a more formal context. The fist target of the UN is â€Å"To maintain international peace and security† (UN Charter). I will argue that the UN is, and indeed always will be incapable achieving this. The second goal laid out in the Charter is â€Å"To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples† (UN Charter). This effectively promotes the concept of state sovereignty, the idea that every state has the right to govern itself without alien intervention. I will argue that this too is unattainable in accordance with UN principles. My case for the failure of the first aim is based upon the principle behind the second aim, and visa versa. The case that I put forewords is that the ideal of simultaneously maintaining peace while promoting sovereignty is unattainable. The other aspirations of the UN include â€Å"solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character† as well as â€Å"promoting and encouraging respect for human rights† (UN Charter). I will argue that the UN has indeed had some success in achieving these two objectives. In order to assess whether the United Nations aim to promote international peace and security has been successful, it is first important to have some understanding of the UN Security Council and the way it functions. Originally it consisted of 11 states. In 1965 this number rose to 15. Of these states, five maintain a permanent membership whilst the ten others are elected on a biennial basis. For decisions made by the Security Council to be passed, a majority of 9 of the 15 member states must vote in favor of them. Furthermore this majority must include every one of the permanent member states, effectively granting them veto power over all decisions regarding security. The permanent members consist of â€Å"the USA, Britain, France, Russia (previously the Soviet Union), and China† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 , p. 15), those states considered to be the great powers at the time the UN was formed. In accordance with the Charter, in the incidence of a perceived threat to international peace the Security Council first attempts to find a nonviolent means to settle the issue. This is described in Chapter VI and may involve settlement or mediation. Other non-violent methods may include â€Å"complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations† (UN Charter: article 41). Where violence is unavoidable the UN may sanction a peacekeeping mission with the objective of affecting a ceasefire or separating rival forces. The principles of UN with regards to international peace and security have now been described. It was the hope in 1945 that the Security Council could be used as a tool to â€Å"save succeeding generations from the scourge of war† (UN Charter: Preamble). However I would argue that just like the League of Nations before it, the fundamental principles behind UN’s security policies are flawed, rendering their aspiration for international peace impossible. It is my belief that the aforementioned policies of the Security Council are incompatible with the principle of state sovereignty, which is also endorsed as an aim of the UN in Article 2 (7) of the Charter, stating that â€Å"Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state†. F. H. Hinsley presents the idea of these two ideals clashing in his book ‘Sovereignty’ (1966). The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 â€Å"legitimized and standardized† (Watson; 1992) the practice of state sovereignty amongst major European powers, requiring them to recognize and respect the territorial integrity of other states. This is widely considered as being the formal introduction of state sovereignty into international relations. Sovereignty essentially refers to â€Å"the supreme authority in a political community† (basiclaw. net; 2004) and implies that states have the right to govern themselves, recognizing no higher authority. However even before such ideas were given proper recognition, states had always recognized their right â€Å"to go to war for any reason whatever, on any pretext at all, if it judged war to be in its interests or necessary for its security† (Hindsley; 1966:p230). It follows that this right is encompassed within those of a sovereign state, which recognize no higher authority and so are free to do that which is in their best interests. Hinsley points out that â€Å"after the end of the nineteenth century states clung tenaciously to this right, believing it to be fundamental to their sovereignty† (1966 p. 30). Yet at the same time, following the devastation of the Second World War, states were undoubtedly disinclined to enter another global conflict. In an attempt to maintain peace the United Nations was formed. Hinsley wrote that the League of Nations Covenant was ‘riddled with compromises which reflect the clash between their conviction that it had become imperativ e to restrict their right to go to war and their conviction that it remained impolitic or impossible to do so† (1966). I would argue that the same could be said for the United Nations Charter, which simultaneously prohibits war whilst insisting on state sovereignty. At the time when the UN was founded, this clash of interests represented in the Charter may not have been of great consequence. Nations were sick of war and were happy to respect sovereignty if it meant they could avert further conflict. This reflected the â€Å"traditional belief that diplomats should ignore the internal affairs of states in order to preserve international stability† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 20). However over time shifts in the international environment would change this. During the cold war, member states were tentative when it came to any sort of interference within other sovereign states. This was demonstrated in Jean Kirkpatrick’s (1979) essay written in the defending the preservation of brutal dictatorships in Latin America as a means of fighting communism without having to get directly involved (Forsy the 1988: 259-60). Furthermore â€Å"the process of decolonization had privileged statehood over justice†, the UN having â€Å"elevated the right to statehood above any tests of viability, such as the existence of a nation, adequate economic performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 314). However with the end of the cold war came a shift in the attention of the international community towards â€Å"individual political and civil rights, as well as the right to basic provisions like food, water, health care, and accommodation† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 314). Charles Beitz exemplified this, being amongst the first to argue against unconditional statehood, claiming that subsequent to independence there must be greater consideration of circumstances of the individual (Beitz 1979). It was argued that these circumstances of the individual were not merely a humanitarian concern, but could potentially be â€Å"a threat to international peace and security. Evidence of a threat to international peace and security could be the appearance of significant numbers of refugees, or the judgment that other states might intervene militarily† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008). This developing association of morality with national interest in the UN agenda is what I believe brings to light the clash between the aspirations of the UN, one being to promoting international peace, the other being the preservation of the â€Å"self-determination of peoples† (UN Charter, article 1). In order to uphold the rights of individuals where they are being neglected, intervention is necessary. Here it seems the UN is caught in a catch 22. On the one hand they can neglect to take interventionist action in order to protect sovereignty. This can be seen in the reluctance of the UN intervene n Darfur which in 2009 had resulted in the death of â€Å"up to 200,000 people and left 2. 7 million homeless† (Tisdall, 2009). Alternatively they have the option of a â€Å"relaxation of the non-intervention principle† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 323). However this approach is equally problematic in attempting to ensure international peace, creating a â€Å"slippery slope† whereby states will take military action without the approval of the UN (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 314). This is recognized by Hinsley, who points out that â€Å"States easily exploit such loopholes. If they cannot plead self-defense for using force- a difficulty which they rarely encounter – they can use it without declaring war or justify it by claiming that they are acting in a good cause as the Security Council would act if the Security Council were not stalled. † (Hindsley, 1966 p. 233). The 2003 invasion of Iraq can be seen to illustrate this point. Before entering Iraq, America looked to gain UN approval. Whilst there has been great speculation over its motivations for doing so, the justification given to the UN was Iraq’s supposed possession of weapons of mass destruction. The alleged presence of these meant the US could claim they were acting to protect the interests of their people. Later the violation of human rights was also given as a justification. However the UN security council did not come to a decision in the winter of 2003 and â€Å"France and Russia threatened to veto a second Security Council resolution authorizing force† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008 p. 323). Regardless of this response a US-led coalition waged war in Iraq in March 2003. The Iraq War case study demonstrates the impotence of the UN to prevent major powers from pursuing their own agendas, even when these agendas threaten international security. In an interview with the BBC, the United Nations Secretary General, Kofi Annan has said, â€Å"from our point of view and from the Charter point of view [the war] was illegal† (2004). On the other hand a statement from the â€Å"Bush administration’s National Security Strategy of September 2002† (Taylor; Curtis, 2008) claimed that the US â€Å"will be prepared to act apart when our interests and unique responsibilities require† (NSS, 2002: 31). This perfectly illustrates how a state exercising its sovereignty, acting in its own special interests which in this scenario include going to war, is at odds with the principles set out in the UN. I would argue that this failure in not a result of UN administration or procedure. It seems instead that the UN is based upon a flawed principle that attempts to encompass two opposing ideals. A system that acknowledges the fact that states internal affairs are of international consequence and therefore can potentially merit intervention, cannot at the same time achieve its aim to maintain international state sovereignty. We see America is unable to exercise its right as a sovereign state to wage war on Iraq under the terms of the Charter, and so must act outside it. Ultimately I would conclude that the ideals at the heart of the UN have rendered it powerless to prevent international conflict impossible. Likewise the ability to justify interventionist policies through the terms of the charter means that the UN can never fully achieve its aspiration to allow the â€Å"self-determination of peoples†. I have already touched somewhat upon another ambition set out in the UN Charter, the aim to promote & protect human rights. However as yet I have only addressed human rights issues with a view to them potentially being a threat to international peace and security. I shall now go on to look at them in greater detail, explaining why I believe the UN has to some extent been successful, despite the fact that human rights abuse is still rife in the world today. A major problem faced by the UN in their efforts to spread human rights is a lack of trust between states that results in a breakdown of international cooperation. The inclusion of human rights earlier in the essay when focusing on issues regarding security and sovereignty highlights an important point. Since the rise in humanitarian intervention after the end of the cold war, there have been â€Å"doubts about the extent to which ‘humanitarian intervention’ is a separate legal or conceptual category† (Welsh, 2006, p. 81). Between 1991-2000 there were 9 cases of humanitarian interventions in Northern Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Somalia, Rwanda, Haiti, Albania, Sierra Leone, Kosovo and East Timor (Welsh, 2006). However in all but two cases the UN Security Council or independently acting states did not cite â€Å"humanitarian considerations alone as a basis for intervention† (Welsh 2006, p. 81).

Beware the yawn factor - Emphasis

Beware the yawn factor Beware the yawn factor Beware the yawn factor when selling your organisation in writing. Attention spans are short and lots of clichd customer-service terminology wont do you any favours. Take this example from the Olympus website: Under the umbrella of Olympus Europa we in the U.K give the best possible support to our customers by providing: A wide range of value added solutions to meet customer demands Flexible working approach to achieve time sensitive order requirements A Supply Chain working closely with both O.E. and the market place providing the vital link between sales and production, monitoring stock movement and demand v forecast ensuring optimum stock levels are maintained A 24 hour delivery service to all of our customers Customer service makes our company Olympus UK Ltd what it is today a very successful, caring organisation run by special people that make a positive difference. The UK Distribution Centre, based in West London, supports this concept wholeheartedly. Therefore an in-depth understanding of the UK market place has built up enabling us to act and react to our customers [sic] needs. Our role is supportive to OEDC (Olympus European Distribution Centre) enhancing performance to provide the best service whilst maintaining an acceptable level of cost. Communication is of paramount importance in establishing this understanding thereby developing an extremely healthy working relationship, providing a platform for success. Wordy bullets Using bullet points works well. They are easy to read and make text stand out. The problem here is that most are wordy and cumbersome. The first one talks about value added solutions. As opposed to what? A value diminished solution? Value added is meaningless corporate speak. It means nothing to the customer. The second one refers to time sensitive requirements. Surely 99 per cent of orders are time sensitive? How often do customers place an order without caring when they receive it? And the third one explains how the supply chain works. But customers wont care about the logistics of how Olympus maintains its stock levels. They just need to know that stock will be available when they need it. Also, the introductory sentence about the Olympus Europa umbrella is pointless here. As far as customers are concerned, there is only one Olympus. So, we could simplify this paragraph to read: At Olympus in the UK, we support our customers by: offering a wide range of solutions for your needs responding to your orders promptly maintaining optimum stock levels at all times guaranteeing a 24-hour delivery service. Cut the clichs Now look back at that second paragraph. It goes on a bit, doesnt it? Cutting back on the clichd and redundant phrases like support this concept wholeheartedly and is of paramount importance would simplify the message, making it easier to read and understand. There are a couple of other issues to address too. Special people is ambiguous, as is an acceptable cost. And enabling us to act and react to our customers needs is grammatically wrong. (It should be enabling us to act on and react to our customers needs.) This paragraph is basically trying to explain, using far too many words, that Olympus UK offers a speedy and efficient service to its customers at a reasonable price. Instead, it could say: Our customer service is at the heart of our success. Olympus UK is run by people who care and want to make a difference. Based at our UK Distribution Centre in west London, they have an in-depth understanding of the UK market. This enables us to respond to and anticipate our customers needs. We believe that good communication is vital to establishing good relationships with our customers. And our ultimate aim is to offer them a speedy and efficient service at a reasonable cost. Find out more about our courses in better writing

Personal Aims and Objectives for Work Placement Essay Example

Personal Aims and Objectives for Work Placement Essay Example Personal Aims and Objectives for Work Placement Essay Personal Aims and Objectives for Work Placement Essay The chief purposes and aims for my work arrangement in the Limerick Youth Service ( LYS ) that I would wish to accomplish are: To develop my communicating accomplishments. To derive an penetration into working in an educational environment. To increase my assurance. To increase my ability to work efficaciously as a member of a squad. To develop the cognition to cover with a revelation should the circumstance occur. During my clip working at the LYS, I hope to accomplish these purposes and aims successfully. Description of Host Organisation Historical Background. Sr. Joan s bequest the Limerick Youth Service provides touchable cogent evidence that positive community endeavour makes a difference ( McAleese, M. Joan s People, 2003:5 ) The LYS was established in 1973 by Sr. Joan Bowles. In 1976, the Lower Glentworth Street premises were bought and opened ; and the redevelopment of the Ballyloughran Centre began. The resource Centre in Glentworth Street officially opened in 1987 and the Youth Information Service was established. The LYS has grown into the largest local Youth Service in Ireland, distributing throughout Limerick metropolis and county. ( Moyross, Southill, Glentworth Street, King s Island, John s Street, etc ) Purposes and Objectives/Mission Statement. To back up and promote immature people to be active participants in determining their hereafters ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.limerickyouthservice.com ) Purposes: Service Delivery: Making certain that services delivered are immature people centred. Engagement: Making sure the immature people feel like they are portion of something which in bend may beef up their engagement in their community. Advocacy: Giving the young person a voice. Leadership: Deriving the assurance to be a leader, animating others. Partnership: Working as portion of a squad to heighten the lives of immature people. Excellence: Working to accomplish the best. The purpose of the service is to recommend on behalf of all immature people in Limerick, irrespective of background, ethnicity, economic position or vicinity, whilst empowering and promoting them to take a prima function in determining their ain hereafters and that of their communities ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.limerickyouthservice.com ) Organizational Size and Structure. The LYS is one of the largest Young person Services in the state, distributing throughout Limerick metropolis and county. Undertakings range from Garda Diversion Projects, Youth Cafes, Youth Justice Projects and Youth Intervention Projects to the Community Training Centre Projects. The LYS plays a immense function in the lives of the immature people of Limerick and this is chiefly down to the big figure of youth workers, drug workers, counselors, instructors, voluntaries and anyone working with the general working of the LYS throughout the many and varied Centres in Limerick. Work Placement Description Description of section where work arrangement was located. =Community Training Centre/F.E.T.A.C= Limerick Youth Service Community Training Centre offers Education and Skills based preparation to immature people in a non-judgemental, supportive and vivacious environment ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.limerickyouthservice.com ) I was based in the LYS Community Training Centre ( CTC ) in Glentworth Street in Limerick metropolis. The CTC has over 150 pupils in assorted educational programmes such as: Junior Certificate Leaving Certificate Applied F.E.T.A.C During my arrangement, I was working with the F.E.T.A.C trainees. These trainees are divided into Groups A, B, C, D, E and Horticulture ; each group contains between eight and 15 pupils. Groups A-E are based in the CTC in Glentworth Street, while the Horticulture group are in Southill Southside Factory. In the CTC, each group spends either a forenoon or afternoon in categories, working on their F.E.T.A.C faculties and the remainder of the twenty-four hours working in their chosen undertaking. The pupils work through a series of faculties throughout their two old ages at the Centre, working through a full Degree 3 Certificate and traveling on to Level 4. These faculties include: Retail Gross saless Consumer Awareness Personal and Interpersonal Skills Food and Nutrition Stress Awareness Health Related Fitness Mathematicss Communicationss Art I.T. The undertakings ran in the CTC include: Restaurant Bakery Kitchen Funky Flowers Gardening These undertakings give the trainees the opportunity to see mundane on the job life. The trainees besides complete an I.A.S faculty based on the undertaking they are in. This is an Integrated Assessment System and is based on the practical work they do along with the theory that coincides with the undertaking they are in. =Horticulture= I was besides linked with the Horticulture Group. The Gardening undertaking is located in the Southside Factory in Southill. When there, the trainees work with Ger O Brien ( Horticulture Instructor ) , in the tunnel make fulling baskets, window boxes and pots, doing up the window boxes and care. They besides have categories, as like the CTC, where they work on their F.E.T.A.C faculties. They besides have activity clip, where they can play pool, have a boot about or surf the web. Work Placement duties/responsibilities and how these evolved. I worked 9-4 each twenty-four hours in the LYS. One of my chief responsibilities throughout my arrangement was literacy and numeracy support. There are seven categories each twenty-four hours, three in the forenoon and four in the eventide. The trainees worked on their assorted F.E.T.A.C faculty enchiridions in these categories. My function in the schoolroom was to assist certain trainees with reading, explicating the inquiries or spelling, as many have larning troubles, particular demands or aliens who do non hold English as their chief linguistic communication. At the beginning of my arrangement, a new degree 4 Tiling faculty was to be introduced. As I would be helping in the bringing of this faculty when linked with the Horticulture group, I was asked to assist with the research and the seting together of the new stuff. This was a long procedure as all the information had to be laid out every bit clearly as possible to do it easy to understand. The LYS sets up athleticss faculties for the trainees each hebdomad. Sometimes, I had to travel out to UL with one of the instructors and a Group, if the regular pupil was non in. Each group got a opportunity to travel play the athletics happening at each clip ( changed every fifth hebdomad ) , be it badminton, football or volleyball. On reaching at the tribunal in UL, the session began with the instructor explicating the rudimentss of the peculiar athletics and so acquiring the trainees to set this into practise. The athletics session lasted for an hr and when back at the Youth Centre, the trainees were given worksheets to finish, based on the athletics merely covered ; so I helped any trainee that needed aid traveling back over the theory of the athletics or spelling. At the beginning of my arrangement, I was linked with the Horticulture Group, which meant I was supposed to be working with this group out in Southill for the continuance of my arrangement ; unluckily nevertheless, I merely got one month with this group in the terminal, as Ger was absent for two months due to an hurt. However, when I was working with them, my duties evolved, in that, in the CTC, where I was needed as a schoolroom support ; in Southill, I was needed to help in the existent bringing of the F.E.T.A.C degree 3 / 4 faculties. This was a immense duty to take clasp of as, when in the categories in the CTC, there was the confidence of holding a instructor in the category besides, whereas, in Southill, I was on my ain nevertheless, I was determined to take it on. Working with the Horticulture group, my duties included the instruction of the categories, organizing times for the ILP s, assisting Ger in the tunnel and instance conferencing. =ILP Individual Learning Plan= On the first Wednesday of every month an ILP twenty-four hours was held. Every trainee has a cardinal worker. On ILP twenty-four hours, trainees meet with their cardinal worker and travel through the advancement they have made since the last meeting, marks they have achieved and would wish to accomplish by the following meeting, general well-being, attending, etc. For the ILP s, I organised the times for each of the trainees in the Horticulture group to be in at and asked the inquiries along with Ger, which the trainees answered into their booklet. When all the meetings ended, I typed the information given into a database with all their old ILP information. =Case Conferencing= This was a meeting with Ger and myself, the director, a young person worker, an protagonism worker, and the learner support teacher. The twenty-four hours before the instance conference, Ger asked me to compose up a few points on each of the trainees based on attitude, attending, advancement on F.E.T.A.C faculties, how they get along with the remainder of the group, etc. During the meeting, myself and Ger went through each of these with the others, who gave feedback on what each trainee should travel onto following, whether or non they should travel on work experience, how long they have left in the programme and so on. I took note on what booklets to roll up from the Youth Centre for any trainee that needed a new faculty. When working out in the tunnel with Ger, I helped with the care of the flowers, composing out grosss, composing out orders for flowers, numbering anything that came in from orders and taking note of how many baskets, pots or window boxes that went to the Youth Centre to be sold. Work Placement Supervision and any Training. I attended staff preparation yearss within the service which were made available to us, including Manual Handling and Child Protection. =Manual Handling= The manual handling class covered how to transport or travel heavy objects to diminish the hazard of hurt to the dorsum. Manual handling besides includes seeking to cut down the hazard of hurt by flexing and writhing, insistent gestures or keep fixed places for long periods at a clip. Robert Graham conducted this class and went through all the theory. At the terminal, we had a practical of traveling a box, by keeping the right position, flexing the articulatio genuss and maintaining our dorsums straight, keeping the box at the Centre of gravitation of our organic structure and puting the box back down. =Child Protection= At the beginning of my arrangement, I completed a two twenty-four hours Child Protection class. Throughout this class we completed four faculties in Raising Awareness on Child Protection Issues. In the first faculty, we went through legal contexts, definition and cognition of kid maltreatment and guidelines to covering with a revelation. In the 2nd faculty, we went into a more in-depth item on the legal contexts, how to develop a kid protection policy, processs for describing suspected or disclosed maltreatment and how to enter them. In the 3rd faculty, we explored issues of enlisting, choice and direction of staff and voluntaries and support systems available. In the 4th faculty, we went through how to place ways of making a safer environment whilst working with kids and immature people kids s rights, kid centred attack and codifications of behavior. On completion of this class, I received a certification of engagement from the HSE. Contemplation on Work Placement Experience Your response to the Work Environment and your Role. I admit, I did non accommodate really rapidly to this arrangement, as it was ab initio really dashing. Being quite shy and quiet and coming from the state, the ideas of working with the immature people of Limerick metropolis in the LYS all of whom had dropped out of school and the bulk had been in problem with the Gardai was rather terrorizing. I had the stereotyped position of hoodies and sing I used to traverse the route when nearing a group of them in the metropolis, I did non cognize how I would respond working in the LYS. However, maintaining an unfastened head which is really necessary, sing you hear everything from fellows, gestations, household jobs to stealing autos and drugs, and besides being asked everything about your ain life I found I finally settled into arrangement and rather enjoyed the experience. With respects to my function in the arrangement, I found I adapted rather good. Equally long as the trainees did non experience excessively pressured and realised that we wanted to be at that place and assist, they were easy to work with. Bing a schoolroom helper was a really rewarding experience, when the trainees were in the signifier for work. Yes, there were yearss when there was non a hope that work would be done, because if a trainee was non in the temper to work, so there was no opportunity that it was traveling to go on, as they do non truly hold any involvement in the categories hence, the bulk have dropped out of mainstream school so I merely took it twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours as it came. This is what I found throughout my arrangement no two yearss were the same. Social and Cultural accommodation. Most of the trainees I was working with were from disadvantaged backgrounds, from different states or from a traveler background, so there were many cultural differences. As I mentioned before, I had stereotyped many of the immature people as the typical hoody type, nevertheless, after working in the LYS this changed. A batch of the trainees in the Youth Centre had hapless literary accomplishments and it was surely an eye-opening experience to see this how had so many immature people fallen through the mainstream instruction system? How so many been able to acquire through primary school without being able to read or compose is flooring. Many of these immature people, nevertheless, felt as if they did non necessitate any instruction to acquire through life. This was surely a different experience, sing I was ever brought up with the usual expression of stay in school and grew up with people who were told the same and brought up with the same ethical motives. Quite a few of the trainees were travelers, which is a wholly different cultural background to mine. The ground many of the travelers are in the Youth Centre in the first topographic point is to gain money for their households. Again, many have left or been kicked out of school because they were non accepted or non seen to travel far in life. Traveller households are particularly rigorous with the misss and this is the ground many of the traveler miss marry immature every bit immature as 15 and 16. Many of the traveler misss in the Youth Centre are either engaged or married. This is a complete civilization daze compared to my ain. I am decidedly more culturally cognizant after acquiring the chance to work with people who have backgrounds really different to my ain. Challenges/Problems experienced and how you responded. The chief challenge I experienced with my arrangement was deriving the regard of the trainees, as there was really small age difference and many of them were closed-minded and merely wanted to acquire through the twenty-four hours without seting in the attempt needed. Although being at that place to assist, sometimes the trainees were merely earnestly non in the signifier for working and seeking to acquire them to compose a sentence was impossible. Bing reasonably much the same age as the trainees younger in some instances made it difficult to acquire many of them to listen besides. They felt as if Why should I listen to her when she s younger than me? , which I wholly understood. On these occasions, I remained composure, tried to acquire the trainees to gain I was merely at that place for their ain benefit and tried to acquire them to make a little spot of work, be it a page or two, of the faculty they were working on. I neer pushed them to make excessively much at these times a s I knew this could do the state of affairs worse. Another clip, one of the trainees began to do inappropriate comments, like whistling at me. I kept disregarding the behavior, believing they may come to gain it was raging me. One twenty-four hours, one of the instructors heard them and he was sent place. He had to apologize and I accepted his apology on the status that it was to halt, which he agreed to make. Personal Development. I found working in this arrangement ab initio really daunting because, as I mentioned before, I had stereotyped them all to be hoodies . However, one time I settled into the arrangement, I realised this to be untrue. Many of the immature people in Limerick have these labels stuck on them because of where they are from, their background or their civilization. This experience taught me non to pre-judge people before I get to cognize them which I see as a large personal development. Before working in the Youth Centre, if I was walking along the street in the metropolis and came across a group of young persons that had that typical hoody expression, I found myself traversing the route to avoid them. However, this changed through working with the immature people in the LYS. I now know that nine times out of 10, there is nil to be worried about when go throughing these immature people the bulk of them are really nice people and I no longer traverse the route. I find I am more confident for holding worked in the LYS, as in the beginning I was rather diffident and quiet. However, after working with the trainees, there is no pick but to derive assurance as they will state it like it is and ask every inquiry about your personal life ; so assurance is cardinal when covering with them. How the Work Placement complemented your Academic Programme. I chose to make the Arts class as I had an involvement in go oning on to finish an hDip and travel into secondary instruction. So working in the Youth Centre gave me a good penetration into what it is like working with immature people in a schoolroom scene. So in this manner I believe that my arrangement at the LYS complemented my academic programme. Deductions for Career Plans. Not to the full cognizing what I want to make with respects to my calling, the placement twelvemonth was really good. Placement at the LYS gave me a great penetration into working in an educational and youth work environment. Having volunteered at my local young person nine a few old ages ago, I knew I was interested in working with immature people and after my arrangement in the LYS this has strengthened my involvement, so much so, I am earnestly sing a calling in this line of work. Specific Area of Interest The most interesting facet of my arrangement in the LYS was happening out all the work that is done for the immature people of Limerick metropolis and county throughout all the assorted Centres in Limerick. Before my arrangement, I thought all the LYS was in Glentworth Street ; nevertheless, I could non hold been more incorrect. There are many and varied Centres throughout all of Limerick including: Northside Youth Cafe Moyross Youth Intervention Project Southill Youth Intervention Project Northside Youth Justice Project Garryowen Youth Justice Project King s Island Youth Project Rathkeale Youth Project Castleconnell Youth Project Young person Information Southill Fullflex Project Our Lady of Lourdes RESIN Project John s Street Garda Youth Diversion Project Young person Baseball clubs Youth Democracy Undertakings Drugs Undertakings Limerick City Youth Forum =Northside Youth Cafe= The Northside Youth Cafe provides a merriment and safe environment for the immature people in the community to run into new people hang out with friends. It provides a infinite with music, information, advice, extracurricular activities and much more. Equally good as utilizing the Cafe , the immature people can go involved with the running of the cafe besides. This Youth Cafe , along with the others in Limerick, is a great manner of maintaining the immature people off the street and out of problem. = Youth Intervention Projects= The Youth Intervention Projects in Moyross and Southill are aimed at the immature people of the countries, between 10s and 16 old ages old. They are funded by the HSE and their chief purposes are to develop societal and personal accomplishments of the immature people, to give the educational support to the immature people to assist them stay in mainstream schooling and to back up the households of the immature people involved. =King s Island Youth Project= This undertaking is run for the immature people of the St. Mary s Park country, aged between 12 and 18 ; by the Limerick Youth Service and the Gardai . It aims to assist immature people stay out of a life of offense and assist them do positive picks by supplying services such as drop-in installation, household support, summer programmes, activities and calling counsel. =Southill Fullflex Project= In the Southside Factory , there is a broad assortment of installations available for the immature people of the environing communities. These installations include: a Youth Cafe , PC Suite, Art Room, Music Room, Recording Studio, Dancing Studio, Pool Tables, Sports Pitches and Meeting Rooms. The LYS CTC s Horticultural group work from this infinite besides a tunnel is set up outside which keeps all the flowers and merchandises made by them. The purpose of the Southside Youth Space is to supply a location where immature people can prosecute in a procedure of growing and development that will ease them in accomplishing their full potency. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.limerickyouthservice.com ) =Limerick City Youth Forum= The Limerick City Youth Forum meets hebdomadally and organise events for the immature people of Limerick. They besides act as a voice for the immature people, discoursing and runing the cardinal issues of concern of the Youths. =Garda Youth Diversion Projects= The purpose of these undertakings is to seek and forestall the immature people in the country from acquiring involved in a life of offense and anti-social behavior by acquiring them involved in merriment, educational and vocational programmes. These programmes offer the immature people to work together as a squad and acquire to cognize and run into new friends. These youth recreation undertakings besides try to heighten the relationship between the immature people and the Gardai . When I began in the LYS and found out about all the different Centres and undertakings, I was amazed, but interested to happen out about them all. Although I did non acquire to see all of them, it was interesting to see how they all interlinked with each other, for illustration, the Horticultural group working from the Fullflex Centre ; the athleticss activities held on a Monday involved trainees from both the CTC and John s street and if available they used the athleticss installations in Fullflex. I looked up information on what the remainder of the undertakings worked on and cognize some other pupils who worked in some of them besides and were needed to organize young person nines. The Limerick Youth Service is a really dedicated administration and works to better and heighten the lives of the immature people in Limerick metropolis. It is a shame that in the current economic position, the Ballyloughran Leisure Centre had to be closed as it was a great manner for the trainees to ac quire off from the norm of working and category work and acquire a spot of clip to loosen up and bask themselves. the Limerick Youth Service has accomplished rather an sum on really limited financess and the most meager if so any fiscal support from our local Government Body. But to be realistic if we are to go on even at our present rate of enlargement and hope to develop our Service for the immature people of Limerick to anything what we would wish it to be so we need farther support and public support ( Forde. 2003:73 ) Decision Placement at the Limerick Youth Service was a truly eye-opening experience. It made me gain the extent of which the immature people of Limerick metropolis are being labelled wrongly. The LYS shows that if they are given a opportunity, they can accomplish anything they want. I fell I achieved all my purposes and aims that I set for myself at the beginning of my arrangement. My communicating accomplishments improved vastly throughout this arrangement, as they are rather indispensable for this type of work, as the bulk of the trainees are really vocal and it was really of import to listen to them. When working in the schoolroom, I gained an penetration into what it is like to work in an educational scene ; assisting the trainees with their booklets, rectifying the booklets and organizing any booklets needed. This was a good experience as I am interested in secondary instruction as a possible calling, so this gave me an thought of what it is like working in a schoolroom. Working in this arrangement increased my assurance significantly, as in the LYS, the trainees can be hard to cover with and it is merely with assurance that there is any opportunity of acquiring the immature people to listen. I believe I worked as portion of a squad while on arrangement in the LYS. Working in the schoolroom with the instructor and sometimes another pupil, we had to work together to make up ones mind who worked with who and to acquire the category to run every bit swimmingly as possible. Throughout my arrangement, I completed a Child Protection class and in this we dealt with how to cover with revelations by remaining composure, listening, believing them, reassuring them, entering what they said in authorship and describing the revelation. Overall, my arrangement in the Limerick Youth Service was rather gratifying. It was a really good arrangement as it has given me a great experience in working in an educational environment. During my clip at that place, I reached all my purposes and aims that I was trusting to accomplish and derive a batch of experience and cognition into working in Youth Work.